A lot of time has passed since then and the mining rate has gone down from several coins per day to fragments of a coin per day. One way to currently increase your mining rate is to create what the creators call a Pi Node. The reward is constantly being tweaked and in the future they will determine what the reward will actually be, but currently it has rewarded me with increasing bonus rates of mining.
Erik Engström
The scribbles of a techie
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Tuesday, March 18, 2025
Cryptocurrency: Running a Pi Node
A lot of time has passed since then and the mining rate has gone down from several coins per day to fragments of a coin per day. One way to currently increase your mining rate is to create what the creators call a Pi Node. The reward is constantly being tweaked and in the future they will determine what the reward will actually be, but currently it has rewarded me with increasing bonus rates of mining.
Wednesday, January 29, 2025
AI: Prompt Engineering
The other day I got an advertising on social media about a free certificate in responsible AI use and Prompt Engineering. The course was a collaboration between Microsoft and Founderz who hosted AI Skills 4 All which was educational and interesting.
As a regular user of both Copilot and Edge I decided to give it a go, it was free and took less than 8 hours, so I thought why not?
Basically they brought up the basics of how generative AI work, how to write good prompts and how they leverage the Edge browser.
The way we should see Copilot is not as the primary agent of choice, but rather our second pilot, that can offload us from certain tasks. We are still responsible for what we do with the tool in that sense. At this stage these generative AI:s, especially Copilot, is better at texts and images than math.
Its strengths are brainstorming, handling large amount of information and creating general ideas for the low risk scenarios. The general downsides of Copilot is that it does not think or feel, it is not always accurate and you can't rely on it as a friend. It also comes with biases of its own.
Improve your prompts
1. A goal, such as creating a bunch of bullet points detailing the last quarter
2. Context, such as defining a setting where the material will be used, for example a breakfast presentation. You could also specify what type of people that will attend. For example whether it is marketers, competitors or managers.
3. Source of the information, make sure to ask Copilot where to get the data from. This is important because not only is it your job to ensure the quality of the result, but you might know that some sources are better in certain fields. You will notice that the sources are linked in the result as well, if you want to continue your research.
4. Expectations, define what you want out of the material, what sort of result should it create?
Customizing your prompts further
Here is an example of the prompt "Create an image of the planet Mars"
This is the result of the prompt "Now create an image of the planet Mars, from the surface of the planet, where you can an early human settlement, do not include any people. The sky should be daytime."
You can also ask the AI to ask you controlling questions back to you before presenting the result. This increased content quality. You could ask Copilot to return five questions about the material as an example.
To shape the content further, ask the chatbot to take on certain personas. You could for instance ask it to act as an PR-expert to create a certain effect with the text.
Keep in mind that if you are logged in, you can save a history of previous chats. You can also attempt to regenerate the reply, by simply asking it to do so, you might then get a variation of the reply.
What to avoid
2. Don't be too sparse with the details, it will negatively impact your results.
3. Don't upload information, data, images and so on that might be sensitive or personal.
Troubleshooting the output
For this it is also important to know how Copilot works. First it searches, then a Large Language Model is used to summarize the content and then it is filtered and presented.
You can ask yourself these questions when troubleshooting the result:
- Is there an issue with how the question was asked?
- Are there problems with the sources used? Can other sources be used instead?
- Was there something wrong at the search stage?
- Was there an issue with the summarizing stage?
- Did something happen when it was presented?
Different ways to use Copilot
For mobile they have a dedicated app for Copilot as well, it pretty much fills the same role there, a plus for using the app is that you can use the camera to identify objects for example or transcribe text that you take a photo of.
Summary
Saturday, January 11, 2025
Hardware: Building a gaming computer
Background
Just like the jedi knights of Star Wars needs to build their own lightsaber, we techies should build our own computer to get a greater understanding for the tech we use and because it is an interesting project and a test of our ability.Preparations
- Chassi: Chieftec Pro Mini Svart
- Processor: AMD Ryzen 7 8700F 4.1 GHz 24MB
- Graphics card: ASRock Radeon RX 6600 8GB Challenger
- Motherboard: ASUS Prime B650M-R
- RAM: Kingston 32GB (2x16GB) DDR5 5200MHz CL36 FURY Beast AMD EXPO/Intel XMP 3.0
- Storage: Kingston KC3000 M.2 NVMe SSD Gen 4 512GB
- Big fans: Phanteks M25 140mm PWM Svart
- Small fans: Arctic P12 PWM Svart PST Svart
- CPU-cooler: Cooler Master Hyper 212 Black Edition
- Power supply: Chieftec Proton 750W
Building the computer
Setup, first time use and finishing touches
When everything was set and done it was time to download games and start enjoying the product, and what a relief it was to finally be able to play the favorite games again on full graphics. As the games were installed on the desktop I could also remove the from my Framework 13, who had been struggling even at the lowest graphics.
Sunday, January 5, 2025
Flipper Zero: Ducky scripts
Yesterday I received my Flipper Zero and after a long wait I was ready to tinker away with it.
After capturing some infrared signals and replicating them, it was time to test the legendary Bad USB functionality.
The content of this post is based on the GitHub page.
The BadUsb app on the Flipper Zero uses extended Ducky script syntax which is compatible with the classic USB Rubber Ducky 1.0 language but with extra components such as custom USB ID (how the keyboard is identified), ALT-codes (pressing ALT and numbers on the numpad) and the old SYSRQ command. Both \n and \r\n line endings are supported, empty lines are allowed and you can use spaces or tabs for line indentation.
The script is written in simple .txt files and can be copied over to the Flipper Zero using the Windows app for example, and it must be located in the correct Bad USB folder.
To use the Bad USB function, make sure to have a USB-C to USB-A cable that you connect between the Flipper and the computer that you want to run your script on.
Navigate to "Bad USB" in the main menu, select the script that you want to execute and then press run.
Almost instantly it will execute the keypresses that you preprogrammed.
Here is a simple example that helps you start a PowerShell window with administrative privileges.
GUI r
DELAY 500
STRING powershell
CTRL-SHIFT ENTER
DELAY 500
ALT Y
DELAY 500
STRING write-host "This script is running as admin"
ENTER
Spoof keyboard ID
You can set the custom ID of the Flipper USB HID device. ID command should be in the **first line** of script, it is executed before script run. VID and PID are hex codes and are mandatory. Manufacturer and Product are text strings and are optional.
ID, VID:PID Manufacturer:Product
Example: "ID 1234:abcd Flipper Devices:Flipper Zero".
Delay, comments, holding down
DELAY, one delay value in ms
DEFAULT_DELAY, delay value in ms before every next command
DEFAULTDELAY, alternative to DEFAULT_DELAY
REM, commenting is done by writing REM followed by a single line of text
HOLD, press and hold key until RELEASE command. Up to 5 keys can be held at the same time.
RELEASE, release key
Arrow keys
DOWNARROW / DOWN
LEFTARROW / LEFT
RIGHTARROW / RIGHT
UPARROW / UP
Various buttons
APP, same as MENU, context menu key (right-clicking)
BACKSPACE
BREAK
CAPSLOCK
DELETE
END
ENTER
ESCAPE / ESC
Fx, F1-F12 keys
HOME
INSERT
MENU, same as APP, context menu key (right-clicking)
NUMLOCK
PAGEDOWN
PAGEUP
PAUSE
PRINTSCREEN
SCROLLLOCK
SPACE
TAB
You can combine the following with a special key command or a single character.
CONTROL / CTRL
SHIFT
ALT
WINDOWS / GUI, the Windows key
CTRL-ALT, ctrl plus alt
CTRL-SHIFT, ctrl plus shift
ALT-SHIFT, alt plus shift
ALT-GUI, alt plus the Windows key
GUI-SHIFT, the Windows key plus shift
GUI-CTRL, the Windows key plus ctrl
Strings and delay between keypresses
STRING, print text string, such as writing something in a terminal
STRINGLN, print text string and press enter after it
STRINGDELAY, an alternative to STRING_DELAY
DEFAULT_STRING_DELAY, delay value in ms, applied to every appearing STRING command
DEFAULTSTRINGDELAY, alternative to DEFAULT_STRING_DELAY
REPEAT Number of additional repeats Repeat previous command
WAIT_FOR_BUTTON_PRESS, will wait for the user to press a button to continue script execution. Will wait indefinitely for a button to be pressed.
On Windows and some Linux systems, you can print characters by holding ALT key and entering its code on Numpad.
ALTCHAR, print single character
ALTSTRING, print text string using ALT+Numpad method
ALTCODE, same as ALTSTRING, presents in some Duckyscript implementations
Send SysRq command, which is a way to interact with the computer even in a frozen state.
SYSRQ, single character
Media keys
Some Media/Consumer Control keys can be pressed with "MEDIA" command
MEDIA, used with commands in the list below:
POWER
REBOOT
SLEEP
LOGOFF
EXIT
BRIGHT_UP, brightness up
BRIGHT_DOWN, brightness down
HOME
BACK
FORWARD
REFRESH
SNAPSHOT, take photo in a camera app
PLAY
PAUSE
PLAY_PAUSE
NEXT_TRACK
PREV_TRACK
STOP
EJECT
MUTE
VOLUME_UP
VOLUME_DOWN
FN, Fn/Globe key on Mac keyboard
GLOBE, special key or single character (Fn/Globe key commands for Mac/iPad)
Monday, December 2, 2024
PowerShell: Scan wifi range
In this version the buttons have been created using a function, instead of hard coding every attribute for each button. It doesn't require admin rights to run. It does however require you to place the image file in the same directory and point the script toward it so you get a cool background image.
Saturday, November 9, 2024
Raspberry Pi: Pi-hole network wide adblocker
Creating a Pi-hole installation
The operative system image is already included in your Raspberry Pi Imager.
Pi-hole is compatible with Ubuntu and Debian as well, along with a few other Linux distros.
Example: SSH admin@192.168.0.14
Run sudo raspi-config to set details for your computer. If you did the settings in the Raspberry Pi Imager correctly, you won't need much config here.
Example: 192.168.0.14/admin
Directing traffic through the Pi-hole
Saturday, October 26, 2024
Windows: Enable Windows Hello on a Framework 13
I have had my Framework Laptop 13 for a few months now and I have gotten used to many of its features. The physical design is very nice and it has a premium feel to it in many ways.
However, one feature that I have been missing is additional biometrics, namely face recognition.
The screen that Framework uses for this laptop contains a camera that simply doesn't allow for facial recognition. The reason for this could be both a cost and a technology reason.
This doesn't stop the user from having an external camera, personally I am running a Logitech Brio 4K through a docking station. With other computers I can use this but for some reason I couldn't use it with the Framework Laptop 13.
Research led me to finding a registry value and a Windows setting that needed to be changed.
You can look at "Settings --> Accounts --> Sign-in options" if you have a setting called "Sign in with an external camera or fingerprint reader." This should be turned on. For me, this was missing which resulted in Facial recognition (Windows hello) claiming that the function was not available on my device.
If you cannot find the option to allow external devices for biometric sign-in you can adjust the following key and value.
The reg file way
Create a reg file containing this information, run it as administrator and restart afterwards.
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WinBio]
"SupportPeripheralsWithEnhancedSignInSecurity"=dword:00000001
The registry way
The PowerShell way
Saturday, August 3, 2024
Review: Framework Laptop 13
A few weeks ago I bought a Framework Laptop 13 on Ebay, it was a preowned product and these are the technical details:
Processor: i5-1340p
Ram: 64 GB, DDR4
Storage: 1 TB, NVMe
The PC also comes with expansion slots, which in other words are swappable connection ports.
This came with 1 USB-C, which I use for my docking station and charging. 2 USB-A and an HDMI.
In the future I will sell the HDMI port and trade it for either a USB-C, ethernet port or perhaps a micro SD reader. It depends a bit on what need there will be, the docking station does provide these but you also need to evaluate how often you are without the docking station.
The overall feel is a computer of high quality, I was a bit worried that it would be flimsy but so far it feels like a solid computer, and it is actually a nice looking computer with a slightly textured surface making it nice to carry as well. Compared to other computers the aspect ratio makes it feel a bit more square.
Battery life has been good so far, I am running it on about 80% capacity to prevent overcharging the battery. Being used to other laptops and 2-in-1 devices I consider the battery to perform quite well.
The speakers are relatively clear and are good enough for me. The display does not support touch and it is quite average, which was to be expected after doing research. Another downside is that the camera does not support face recognition. The biggest downside so far has been loud fans of the computer, that activate at low tresholds. It is not annoying in of itself, but it is loud and starts too early in my opinion.
Some other benefits are the obvious repairability and the upgradability. You can simply switch out any piece of the computer with relative ease. In the future I will also invest in a cool Dbrand skin probably. A computer is faster if it looks cooler. As I bought the computer on the secondhand market online, I made sure to ask the seller to include stickers and the Framework official screwdriver, which has two types of heads that you can rotate, kept in place with magnets.
The power button allows you to sign in with your fingerprint which is a great alternative.
The camera and mic can be disabled with switches, for those with privacy concerns.
It came preinstalled with Windows 11 Pro, and overall the operativesystem has been performing well. I have had some connectivity issues with the monitors, but I believe the error is with the docking station.
The price was around 1000 euro while a new one with the same specs would be around 1250 euro. Which makes this a good deal.
Remember to buy from trusted sources and ask for pictures before you buy something.
I used PayPal to protect my purchase as well.
The keyboard is really nice to write on, currently using international english ANSI layout.
Going to buy a Swedish ISO layout in the future.
The second issue is that it becomes extremely warm when playing games. In order to help it with the cooling, I open it up and put it on its side.
Friday, July 26, 2024
Fiction: The Loop, a short story
The Loop
A short story, by Erik Engström, 2024-07-24
“I wonder what this button does” the
inventor softly said to herself.
She had been working on this device for a
long time, it was the pinnacle of her own achievements. In her own workshop she
could lose herself in her interests for hours. It could sometimes start with an
idea out of nowhere or after reading something somewhere. These ideas got to
her as naturally as the sun itself rises in the morning.
Being deeply focused on her creations she
would sometimes lose track of time, not stopping her pursuit until her search
reached an end. Even though she didn’t even remember what it was that she was
searching for, her feeling told her to keep trying to fix the machine, she was
so close now.
She had spent the better part of two years
working on the machine, following an instruction manual laying in front of her.
It was not only her body that deteriorated, but as the machine became more
complete, her connection to other people was falling apart.
Those that knew her saw something else when
they entered her workshop. Tools everywhere, blueprints spread out on the bench.
She in turn saw a machine in the making, something that would change the world
for the better, remove incurable suffering and help a chaotic mind to finally
find peace from the worries of the world.
She read the notes in the instructions,
right next to where someone had doodled the initials TTC.
“This machine has not been tested yet,
results may vary, use at own risk” she read from the handwritten words in the
corner of one of the pages.
“Press button to activate”.
That sounds simple enough, a push of a button to fix all the pain and
suffering. Who wouldn’t press it? She continued to look through the pages for
additional answers, what would the machine actually do? There was a page titled
“results” but it was completely blank. It looked like it was up to her to take
the step into the unknown and see what would happen.
Excitement and curiosity overshadowed
reason at this stage, years of research was documented in the notebook, and she
was finally at the end of the process. How come no one had ever proceeded after
this point? She looked at the machine that stood on the table, now taunting her
to push the small silvery button on the front.
“I wonder what this button does” the
inventor said once again as she finally clicked the button.
In front of her was a notebook with a familiar handwriting and a machine that
she was just seeing for the very first time.
Fiction: The Wanderer, a short horror story
The Wanderer
A short horror story, by Erik Engström, 2024-07-20
“Find him.”
This command had echoed within my mind the past week as the voice had grown louder.
I did not recognize the voice, but at the same time it felt like a voice I had heard somewhere before.
This fact gnawed at my sanity, I needed to know, but how? I was here for another reason though, my mind was too occupied with the task at hand to pursue the truth behind the voice.
This town was familiar to me. In this moment it was if it was all I had ever known. Nothing before, nothing after it. The moment was at its purest clarity, and the voices demanded that I had to find him. It was as if the unknown presence was guiding me, all to bring him home. Wherever that is.
They had sought him for so long and the task was mine to finish.
A gentle breeze swept through the trees as I walked down the neighborhood. It was a beautiful day to the unknowing, all who were out to enjoy the day. People in the gardens tending to their plants, children playing in the street and the occasional cyclist riding by.
By the side of the road I stopped a woman and asked, “excuse me, I am looking for a Mr. Lotti, does he live here?”. She eyed me suspiciously for a moment, finally pointing further down in the same direction I had been walking.
“Try there” she said as she took a step away from me, before walking away.
“Thanks.” I replied and continued on.
A few minutes later after having rounded a bend I noticed an older man standing by his mailbox on the same side of the road. When I got close enough for him to see me, his mouth closed and he tensed up in worry.
“Are you here for me?” He asked with a trembling voice.
I looked at my wrist watch, while shaking my head as an answer to his question.
“It is not time. I am looking for Ryan, does he live nearby?”
“Yes, I saw one of his kids playing in the street earlier. Maybe he knows if Mr. Lotti is home.” The man replied, trying to hide his relief.
“Thank you. Until next time.” I said and nodded.
Just as the man had finished replying I heard the sound of laughter not much further away, it was the young son of Ryan. I made my way over there to ask about his father.
“Hello, what is your name?” The child asked me before I could say anything.
"Well, hello there, I am Saul Atoke, I am a friend of your father, is he here?”
With big eyes the young kid dropped the stick that he was playing, “he is at home”, he said cheerfully and pointed at house number 13, a lightly teal colored house at the end of the street, framed between two large oak trees with leaves rustling in the wind.
“Thank you” I said and waved.
I was nearing the end and stood just outside the house for a moment. Was it always going to be like this? Would he know why?
The voices whispered to me in a maniacal rhythm “take it, take it, take it, we demand it”.
I could see the child with his red sweater running past me, into the house, clearly caught up in an imaginary world as he forgot to close the door behind him. A minute passed and a hand pulled the door shut again. To them this was just an ordinary day. To me, it was also an ordinary day.
I braced myself as I entered the gate, I never got used to this but there was nothing to be done now.
“Ryan E. Lotti, this must his place”, I thought to myself as I read the sign next to the door.
I reached to knock. A moments silence was followed by a thud and footsteps getting closer to the door. The door handle turned and the door opened up.
Our eyes met for a moment. If he really was afraid of me his face did not reveal that secret, it was as if he already knew who I was, and more importantly why I was there. It was time to take him home.
The unspoken conversation between me and him was broken by a sound behind him. It was the kid I had seen before. His eyes spoke of confusion, as he remembered me from earlier. Unlike his father, he did not know who I was.
The masters’ words echoed in my mind. These damnable voices that I had heard for such a long time. As long as I remembered. They reminded me that the man in front of me had to pay his debt. His time was long overdue and the job of collecting was mine.
Just as my hand reached through what felt like an infinite distance to claim his soul there and then, I felt time slowing down. My hand slowed down to a complete halt, even the man and his son stood still, light no longer reflecting in their eyes. Darkness flooded the corridor in his house like a wild river washing over rocks. The ambiance from the street outside went silent, cars stopped and darkness covered every corner as if the sun had suddenly gone missing.
Silence, darkness and then it was over.
More silence.
More darkness.
Until a tiny sharp light glared at me.
“I’ve seen enough, this is the perfect candidate, we have what we need.” Said a faceless man, with a voice muffled by a surgical mask.
“Will he survive the process?” Asked another, just as faceless woman, holding a scalpel.
“It does not matter. We have extracted the mind and created a fully functional model. It will be used elsewhere. Our mortality has controlled our lives, but now even Death will serve us.” Replied the man as they walked away from the table.
The End.